Dambudziko re "kuchembera" riri kwese kwese.Ikozvino yave nguva yebhatiri sector.
"Nhamba huru yemabhatiri emotokari yemagetsi ichange iine waranti yapera mumakore masere anotevera, uye inokurumidza kugadzirisa dambudziko rehupenyu hwebhatiri."Munguva pfupi yapfuura, Li Bin, sachigaro uye CEO weNIO, akanyevera kakawanda kuti kana nyaya iyi isingagoni kugadziriswa zvakanaka, ramangwana Huge mari ichashandiswa kugadzirisa matambudziko anotevera.
Pamusika webhatiri remagetsi, gore rino igore rakakosha.Muna 2016, nyika yangu yakaisa mutemo wewaranti yemakore masere kana 120,000-kilomita yemabhatiri emotokari nyowani.Mazuva ano, mabhatiri emagetsi emagetsi matsva akatengwa mugore rekutanga remutemo ari kusvika kana kusvika pakuguma kwenguva yewaranti.Dhata inoratidza kuti mumakore masere anotevera, huwandu hwemotokari dzinopfuura mamirioni gumi nepfumbamwe dzichapinda zvishoma nezvishoma mukutsiviwa kwebhatiri.
Kune makambani emotokari anoda kuita bhizinesi rebhatiri, iyi imusika haufanirwe kupotsa.
Muna 1995, mota yekutanga yenyika yangu yakakunguruka kubva pamutsetse wegungano - bhazi remagetsi rakachena rainzi "Yuanwang".Mumakore makumi maviri apfuura kubva ipapo, indasitiri itsva yemotokari yemagetsi munyika yangu yakasimukira zvishoma nezvishoma.
Nekuti ruzha rwakanyanya kudiki uye vari kunyanya kushandisa mota, vashandisi havasati vakwanisa kunakidzwa nekubatana kwenyika waranti miyero ye "moyo" yemagetsi matsva - bhatiri.Mamwe mapurovhinzi, maguta kana makambani emotokari akagadzirawo simba bhatiri garandi zviyero, mazhinji ayo anopa makore mashanu kana 100,000-kilomita waranti, asi simba rinosunga harina kusimba.
Yakanga isiri kusvika 2015 iyo nyika yangu yegore negore yekutengesa motokari itsva yemagetsi yakatanga kudarika 300,000 mark, ikava simba idzva risingagoni kuregererwa.Mukuwedzera, nyika inopa "mari chaiyo" mitemo yakadai semagetsi matsva uye kusunungurwa pamutero wekutenga kusimudzira kuvandudzwa kwesimba idzva, uye makambani emotokari uye nzanga vari kushandawo pamwe chete.
Muna 2016, iyo yenyika yakabatana simba bhatiri waranti mutemo yakavamba.Nguva yewaranti yemakore masere kana makiromita 120,000 yakareba kupfuura makore matatu kana makiromita 60,000 einjini.Mukupindura mutemo uye nekufunga nezvekuwedzera kutengesa kwesimba idzva, mamwe makambani emotokari akawedzera nguva yewaranti kusvika kumakiromita 240,000 kana kunyange waranti yehupenyu hwose.Izvi zvakaenzana nekupa vatengi vanoda kutenga magetsi matsva emagetsi "kusimbisa".
Kubva ipapo, musika mutsva wesimba renyika yangu wakapinda mudanho rekukura-kaviri, nekutengesa kunopfuura miriyoni imwe mota kekutanga muna 2018. Kubva gore rapfuura, kuwanda kwehuwandu hwemotokari dzemagetsi matsva ane waranti yemakore masere yakasvika 19.5. mamiriyoni, kuwedzera kwe60 kubva pamakore manomwe apfuura.
Saizvozvo, kubva 2025 kusvika 2032, huwandu hwemotokari itsva dzesimba dzine mabhatiri akapera basa dzichawedzerawo gore negore, kubva kune yekutanga 320,000 kusvika 7.33 miriyoni.Li Bin akataura kuti kutanga gore rinouya, vashandisi vachasangana nematambudziko senge simba bhatiri kunze kwewaranti, "mabhatiri emotokari ane hupenyu hwakasiyana" uye yakakwirira yekutsiva bhatiri mutengo.
Chiitiko ichi chichave chakanyanya kujeka mumabheji ekutanga emotokari dzemagetsi matsva.Panguva iyoyo, tekinoroji yebhatiri, nzira dzekugadzira, uye mushure mekutengesa masevhisi aive asina kukura zvakakwana, zvichikonzera kusagadzikana kwechigadzirwa.Kunenge muna 2017, nhau dzemagetsi ebhatiri moto dzakabuda imwe mushure meimwe.Nyaya yekuchengetedzwa kwebhatiri yave nyaya inopisa muindastiri uye yakanganisawo kuvimba kwevatengi mukutenga mota dzemagetsi matsva.
Parizvino, zvinotendwa muindasitiri kuti hupenyu hwebhatiri kazhinji hunenge makore 3-5, uye hupenyu hwebasa hwemotokari hunowanzopfuura makore mashanu.Bhatiri ndiyo inodhura zvakanyanya pamotokari nyowani ine simba, kazhinji inoverengera inosvika makumi matatu muzana yemutengo wemotokari yese.
NIO inopa seti yeruzivo rwemutengo kune mushure mekutengesa-kutsiva bhatiri mapaketi emamwe emagetsi emagetsi mota.Semuenzaniso, simba rebhatiri remhando yemagetsi emhando yekodhi-yakapihwa zita rekuti "A" i96.1kWh, uye mutengo wekutsiva bhatiri wakakwira kusvika pa233,000 yuan.Kune maviri emhando dzakawedzerwa-renji ine bhatiri inokwana 40kWh, mutengo wekutsiva bhatiri unodarika 80,000 yuan.Kunyangwe kune mahybrid modhi ane simba remagetsi asingapfuuri 30kWh, mutengo wekutsiva bhatiri uri pedyo ne60,000 yuan.
"Mamwe modhi kubva kune vanogadzira vane hushamwari vakamhanya makiromita miriyoni, asi mabhatiri matatu akakuvadzwa," Li Bin akadaro.Mutengo wekutsiva mabhatiri matatu wakapfuura mutengo wemota pachayo.
Kana mutengo wekutsiva bhatiri ukashandurwa kuita 60,000 yuan, ipapo 19.5 miriyoni itsva magetsi mota dzine waranti yebhatiri ichapera mumakore masere ichagadzira musika mutsva wemadhora matrillion.Kubva kumakambani emigodhi yelithium kusvika kumakambani emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi kusvika kumakambani emotokari epakati nepamusoro uye mushure mekutengesa vatengesi, vose vachabatsirwa neizvi.
Kana makambani achida kuwana zvakawanda zvepai, anofanirwa kukwikwidza kuti aone kuti ndiani anogona kugadzira bhatiri idzva rinogona kutora zvirinani "moyo" yevatengi.
Mumakore masere anotevera, mabhatiri emotokari anoda kusvika mamiriyoni makumi maviri achapinda mukutsiviwa.Makambani ebhatiri nemakambani emotokari ese anoda kutora "bhizinesi" iri.
Kungofanana nemaitiro akasiyana ekuvandudza simba idzva, makambani mazhinji akataurawo kuti tekinoroji yebhatiri zvakare inotora marongero emitsara yakawanda senge lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium, lithium iron manganese phosphate, semi-solid state, uye nyika-yakasimba.Panguva ino, lithium iron phosphate uye ternary lithium mabhatiri ndiwo makuru, achiverengera ingangoita 99% yehuwandu hwakabuda.
Parizvino, iyo indasitiri yenyika yakajairwa bhatiri attenuation haigone kudarika 20% panguva yewaranti, uye inoda kuti iyo attenuation isapfuure 80% mushure me1,000 yakazara kuchaja uye kuburitsa kutenderera.
Zvisinei, mukushandiswa kwechokwadi, zvakaoma kuzadzisa ichi chinodiwa nekuda kwemigumisiro yekushisa kwakadzika uye kupisa kwekushisa kwepamusoro uye kuburitsa.Dhata inoratidza kuti parizvino, mabhatiri mazhinji ane 70% chete hutano panguva yewaranti.Kamwe hutano hwebheteri hunodonha pasi pe70%, kushanda kwayo kuchadonha zvakanyanya, ruzivo rwevashandisi ruchakanganiswa zvikuru, uye matambudziko ekuchengetedza achamuka.
Sekureva kwaWeilai, kuderera kwehupenyu hwebhatiri kunonyanya kuenderana nemaitiro ekushandisa kwevaridzi vemotokari uye nzira dze "kuchengetedza mota", iyo "yekuchengetedza mota" inoverengera 85%.Vamwe varapi vakaratidza kuti vazhinji vashandisi vesimba idzva nhasi vajaira kushandisa nekukurumidza kuchaja kuzadza simba, asi kushandiswa kwekukurumidza kuchaja kuchawedzera kuchembera kwebhatiri uye kupfupisa hupenyu hwebhatiri.
Li Bin anotenda kuti 2024 yakakosha nguva node."Zvakakosha kugadzira hurongwa hwehupenyu hwebhatiri huri nani hwevashandisi, indasitiri yese, uye kunyangwe nzanga yese."
Nezvekusimudzirwa kwezvino bhatiri tekinoroji ine chekuita, marongerwo emabhatiri ehupenyu hurefu akakodzera kumusika.Iyo inonzi bhatiri rehupenyu hurefu, inozivikanwawo se "isina-attenuation bhatiri", yakavakirwa pane aripo emvura mabhatiri (kunyanya ternary lithium mabhatiri uye lithium carbonate mabhatiri) ane nano-maitiro ekuvandudza mune yakanaka uye yakaipa electrode zvinhu kunonoka kushatisa Bhatiri. .Ndiko kuti, iyo yakanaka electrode zvinhu inowedzerwa ne "lithium replenishing agent", uye iyo yakaipa electrode zvinhu inoiswa nesilicon.
Indasitiri izwi iri "silicon doping uye lithium replenishing".Vamwe vaongorori vakati panguva yekuchaja kwesimba idzva, kunyanya kana kukurumidza kuchaja kunowanzoshandiswa, "lithium absorption" ichaitika, ndiko kuti, lithium inorasika.Lithium supplementation inogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri, nepo silicon doping inogona kupfupisa bhatiri nekukurumidza kuchaja nguva.
Muchokwadi, makambani akakodzera ari kushanda nesimba kuvandudza hupenyu hwebhatiri.Musi waKurume 14, NIO yakaburitsa bhatiri rehupenyu hurefu.Pamusangano, NIO yakazivisa kuti 150kWh Ultra-yakakwirira simba density bhatiri system yayakagadzira ine simba rinopfuura 50% ichichengetedza vhoriyamu imwe chete.Gore rapfuura, Weilai ET7 yaive ne150-degree bhatiri rekuedzwa chaiko, uye hupenyu hwebhatiri reCLTC hwakapfuura makiromita chiuru.
Pamusoro pezvo, NIO yakagadzirawo 100kWh yakapfava-yakazara CTP cell heat-diffusion bhatiri system uye 75kWh ternary iron-lithium hybrid bhatiri system.Iyo yakakura cylindrical bhatiri sero ine yekupedzisira yemukati kuramba inosvika 1.6 milliohms ine 5C yekuchaja inokwanisa uye inogona kugara kusvika ku255km pakuchaja kwemaminetsi mashanu.
NIO yakataura kuti zvichibva pane hombe yekutsiva bhatiri, hupenyu hwebhatiri hunogona kuramba huchichengetedza 80% hutano mushure memakore gumi nemaviri, iyo yakakwira kupfuura avhareji yeindasitiri ye70% hutano mumakore masere.Iye zvino, NIO iri kubatana neCATL kugadzira mabhatiri ehupenyu hurefu pamwe chete, nechinangwa chekuve nehutano husingasviki 85% apo hupenyu hwebhatiri hunopera mumakore gumi nemashanu.
Izvi zvisati zvaitika, CATL yakazivisa muna 2020 kuti yakanga yagadzira "zero attenuation bhatiri" iyo inogona kuwana zero attenuation mukati me1,500 kutenderera.Sekureva kwevanhu vanoziva nezvenyaya iyi, bhatiri rakashandiswa mumapurojekiti eCATL ekuchengetedza simba, asi hapasati pave nenhau mumunda wemotokari itsva dzinotakura vanhu.
Munguva iyi, CATL neZhiji Automobile yakabatana yakavakirwa mabhatiri emagetsi vachishandisa "silicon-doped lithium-yakawedzerwa" tekinoroji, ichiti vanogona kuwana zero attenuation uye "kusambobvira kutsva" kwe200,000 makiromita, uye yakanyanya simba density yebhatiri musimboti unogona. kusvika 300Wh/kg.
Kuzivikanwa uye kukwidziridzwa kwemabhatiri ehupenyu hurefu kune kumwe kukosha kumakambani emotokari, vashandisi vesimba idzva uye kunyangwe indasitiri yese.
Chekutanga pane zvese, kumakambani emotokari uye vanogadzira mabhatiri, inowedzera iyo bargaining chip mukurwira kuseta chiyero chebhatiri.Ani nani anogona kugadzira kana kuisa mabhatiri ehupenyu hurefu kutanga achave nezvakawanda kutaura uye kutora mamwe misika kutanga.Kunyanya makambani anofarira mumusika wekutsiva bhatiri anotonyanya kuda.
Sezvatinoziva tese, nyika yangu haisati yagadzira yakabatana bhatiri modular chiyero panguva ino.Parizvino, tekinoroji yekutsiva bhatiri ndiyo nzvimbo yekuyedza yemagetsi bhatiri.Xin Guobin, Mutevedzeri weGurukota reBazi reMaindasitiri neRuzivo rweTekinoroji, akajekesa muna Chikumi gore rapfuura kuti achadzidza nekugadzira dhizaini yekuchinjana bhatiri uye kusimudzira kubatanidza saizi yebhatiri, kushandura bhatiri interface, maprotocol ekutaurirana nezvimwe zviyero. .Izvi hazvikurudzire kuchinjika uye kuita zvakasiyana-siyana zvemabhatiri, asi zvinobatsirawo kudzikisa mutengo wekugadzira uye kuvandudza mashandiro ekugadzira.
Mabhizinesi anoshuvira kuve akajairwa seta mumusika wekutsiva bhatiri ari kumhanyisa kuedza kwavo.Tichitora NIO semuenzaniso, zvichienderana nekushanda uye kuronga kwebhatiri data hombe, NIO yakawedzera kutenderera kwehupenyu uye kukosha kwemabhatiri mune iripo system.Izvi zvinounza nzvimbo yekugadzirisa mutengo weBaAS bhatiri rekurojesa masevhisi.Mubasa idzva rekurojesa bhatiri reBaAS, mutengo wekurojesa bhatiri wakadzikiswa kubva pa980 yuan kusvika pa728 yuan pamwedzi, uye bhatiri rehupenyu hurefu rakagadziridzwa kubva pa1,680 yuan kuenda pa1,128 yuan pamwedzi.
Vamwe vanhu vanotenda kuti kuvakwa kwekudyidzana kwekuchinjana masimba pakati pevezera kunoenderana negwara remitemo.
NIO mutungamiri mumunda wekuchinja kwebhatiri.Gore rapfuura, Weilai akapinda munyika bhatiri kutsiva standard "sarudza imwe kubva ina".Parizvino, NIO yakavaka uye kushanda zvinopfuura zviuru zviviri nemazana matatu ezviteshi zvekuchinja mabhatiri pamusika wepasi rose, uye yakwezva Changan, Geely, JAC, Chery nemamwe makambani emotokari kuti abatane netiweki yayo yekuchinja bhatiri.Sekureva kwemishumo, NIO's bhatiri swap station inosvika zviuru makumi manomwe zvemabhatiri swaps pazuva, uye kubva munaKurume gore rino, yakapa vashandisi makumi mana emamiriyoni ebhatiri swaps.
Kutangwa kweNIO kwemabhatiri ehupenyu hurefu nekukasira kunogona kubatsira chinzvimbo chayo mumusika wekuchinja bhatiri kuti ive yakagadzikana, uye inogona zvakare kuwedzera huremu hwayo mukuva yakajairwa-seta yekuchinja kwebhatiri.Panguva imwecheteyo, kufarirwa kwemabhatiri ehupenyu hurefu kuchabatsira mabhureki kuwedzera mapremium avo.Mumwe mukati akati, "Mabhatiri ehupenyu hurefu parizvino ari kunyanya kushandiswa muzvigadzirwa zvepamusoro."
Kune vatengi, kana mabhatiri ehupenyu hurefu-achigadzirwa uye akaiswa mumotokari, kazhinji havadi kubhadhara kutsiva kwebhatiri panguva yewaranti, vachinyatsoona "nguva imwechete yehupenyu hwemotokari nebhatiri."Inogona zvakare kutariswa sekudzikisa zvisina kunanga mutengo wekutsiva bhatiri.
Kunyangwe ichisimbiswa mune nyowani simba mota waranti bhuku kuti bhatiri rinogona kutsiviwa pasina muripo panguva yewaranti.Nekudaro, munhu anoziva nezvenyaya iyi akati mahara bhatiri kutsiva kunoenderana nemamiriro."Mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, kutsiva kwemahara hakuwanzo kupihwa, uye kutsiva kunorambwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana."Semuenzaniso, imwe mhando inonyora isiri-warranty scope, imwe yacho "kushandiswa kwemotokari" Munguva yemaitiro, huwandu hwekubuda kwebhatiri hunokwira ne80% kupfuura huwandu hwebhatiri.
Kubva pakuona uku, mabhatiri ehupenyu hurefu ikozvino bhizinesi rinokwanisa.Asi pazvichakurumbira pamwero mukuru, nguva yacho haisati yazivikanwa.Mushure mezvose, munhu wese anogona kutaura nezve dzidziso yesilicon-doped lithium-replenishing tekinoroji, asi ichiri kuda ongororo yemaitiro uye pa-bhodhi bvunzo isati yatanga kushandiswa kwekutengesa."Kutenderera kutenderera kweyekutanga-yekutanga bhatiri tekinoroji kunotora angangoita makore maviri," akadaro mumwe indasitiri mukati.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-13-2024