Nhanganyaya: Cold Weather Testing Center
Kubva kuHarbin, guta guru rekuchamhembe kweChina, kusvika kuHeihe, purovhinzi yeHeilongjiang, mhiri kwerwizi kubva kuRussia, tembiricha yemuchando inowanzodzika kusvika -30°C. Pasinei nemamiriro okunze akaoma kudaro, chiitiko chinoshamisa chakabuda: nhamba huru yemotokari itsva dzine simba, kusanganisira ichangoburwa-yepamusoro-soro modhi, inokweverwa kune iyi yakakura nzvimbo yechando kune yakaoma bvunzo madhiraivha. Aya maitiro anoratidza kukosha kwekutonhora-nzvimbo yekuyedza, inova nhanho yakakosha kune chero mota nyowani isati yaenda pamusika.
Pamusoro pekuongororwa kwekuchengetedza mumamiriro ekunze ane mhute nechando, mota nyowani dzesimba dzinofanirawo kuongororwa zvizere hupenyu hwebhatiri, kugona kuchaja, uye kuita kwemhepo yekufemesa.
Iyo Heihe inotonhora-zone test drive indasitiri yakagadzira nekukura kuri kudiwa kwemotokari nyowani dzesimba, ichinyatso kushandura "zviwanikwa zvinotonhora zvakanyanya" zvedunhu kuita indasitiri ye "test drive". Mishumo yemunharaunda inoratidza kuti huwandu hwemotokari dzemagetsi matsva uye mota dzemafuta echinyakare dziri kutora chikamu mukuyedza kutyaira gore rino dzakada kufanana, zvichiratidza maitiro ese emusika wemotokari dzinotakura vanhu. Zvinotarisirwa kuti kutengeswa kwemotokari dzevafambi kunosvika 22.6 miriyoni muna 2024, iyo yechinyakare mota dzemafuta dzichaita 11.55 miriyoni, uye mota nyowani dzemagetsi dzichawedzera zvakanyanya kusvika 11.05 miriyoni.
Tekinoroji innovation mukuita kwebhatiri
Dambudziko guru rinotarisana nemotokari dzemagetsi munzvimbo dzinotonhora rinoramba riri kushanda kwebhatiri. Echinyakare mabhatiri e-lithium anowanzo kuona kudonha kwakakosha kwekushanda patembiricha yakaderera, zvichitungamira kunetsa nezve renji. Nekudaro, kufambira mberi kwazvino muhunyanzvi hwebhatiri kuri kugadzirisa nyaya idzi musoro. Chikwata chekutsvagisa muShenzhen nguva pfupi yadarika chakaedza bhatiri ravo richangobva kugadzirwa muHeihe, vachiwana huwandu hunokatyamadza hunopfuura 70% pa -25°C. Aya mabudiro etekinoroji haangonatsiridza mashandiro emotokari panzvimbo yakaomeswa nechando, asi zvakare anofambisa kusimudzira kweindasitiri yemotokari dzemagetsi.
Harbin Institute of Technology's New Energy Materials uye Devices Laboratory iri pamberi peichi hunyanzvi. Vatsvagiri vari kugadzira mabhatiri ane yakagadziridzwa cathode uye anode zvinhu uye ekupedzisira-yakaderera tembiricha maelectrolyte, achivagonesa kushanda nemazvo munzvimbo dzakaderera se -40°C. Aya mabhatiri akaiswa muAntarctic sainzi tsvagiridzo kwemwedzi mitanhatu, achiratidza kuvimbika kwavo mumamiriro akanyanya. Pamusoro pezvo, marabhoritari yakawana chiitiko chakakosha, nebhatiri ichangobva kugadzirwa mbiri-ion bhatiri inokwanisa kushanda pa -60 ° C, ine hunyanzvi hwekutenderera kwe20,000 nguva ichichengetedza 86.7% yekugona kwayo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mabhatiri enharembozha akagadzirwa neichi tekinoroji anogona kuchengetedza anopfuura makumi masere muzana ehukwanisiro hwawo kunyangwe akashandiswa mazuva ese mukutonhora kwakanyanya kwemakore makumi mashanu.
Zvakanakira zvemagetsi mabhatiri emotokari
Kufambira mberi mune tekinoroji yebhatiri kunopa akati wandei mabhenefiti anoita mota nyowani dzesimba ive inogoneka imwe kune yechinyakare mota dzemafuta. Kutanga, mabhatiri emotokari yemagetsi matsva, kunyanya mabhatiri e-lithium-ion, ane simba rakawanda, izvo zvinoita kuti vakwanise kuchengetedza simba rakawanda mune fomu compact. Ichi chimiro hachingogadziri huwandu hwemotokari dzemagetsi, asiwo zvinobudirira zvinosangana nekufamba kwemazuva ese kwevashandisi.
Pamusoro pezvo, tekinoroji yemazuva ano yebhatiri inotsigira kukurumidza kuchaja kugona, kubvumira vashandisi kubhadharisa mota dzavo nekukurumidza uye nemazvo, nekudaro kuderedza nguva. Hupenyu hurefu hwesevhisi uye pasi pekugadzirisa zvinodiwa zvemabhatiri emagetsi emagetsi matsva zvinowedzera kuwedzera kukwezva kwavo, sezvo vachigona kuchengetedza kuita kwakanaka kunyangwe mushure mekuchaja kwakawanda uye kuburitsa kutenderera. Pamusoro pezvo, mota dzemagetsi dzine masisitimu emagetsi akareruka uye mitengo yakaderera yekuchengetedza, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo ine hupfumi kune vatengi.
Zvakatipoteredza zvinhu zvakare chinhu chakakosha mune zvakanakira mota nyowani simba. Kusiyana nemotokari dzechinyakare, mabhatiri emotokari yemagetsi matsva haaburitse zvinokuvadza panguva yekushanda. Nekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi hwekudzokorodza bhatiri, kudzokorodza uye kushandiswazve kwemabhatiri akashandiswa kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kutambisa zviwanikwa uye kuderedza mutoro wenharaunda. Pamusoro pezvo, mabhatiri emazuva ano ane hungwaru manejimendi masisitimu anogona kutarisa mamiriro ebhatiri munguva chaiyo, kukwenenzvera kuchaja nekuburitsa, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza uye kushanda zvakanaka.
Daidzira kubatana kwepasi rose kukurudzira budiriro inoenderera
Sezvo nyika iri kunetsekana nematambudziko ari kunetsa akadai sekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kushatiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi hwemotokari yemagetsi kunopa mukana wakanakisa wekuti nyika dzishande pamwe chete kuvaka nzanga yakadzikama. Iko kusanganiswa kwakabudirira kwemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi akadai sesolar uye simba remhepo nemabhatiri emotokari yemagetsi matsva anogona kuwedzera kusimudzira mhinduro dzegirini dzekuchaja, kuderedza kutsamira pamafuta efossil, uye kugadzira ramangwana rakachena uye rakasimba.
Muchidimbu, kuita kwakatanhamara kwemotokari dzesimba idzva munguva yekutonhora kwakanyanya, pamwe nekufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi hwemabhatiri, zvinoratidzira kugona kwemotokari dzemagetsi kushandura indasitiri yemotokari. Sezvo nyika dzepasirese dziri kuedza kuwana budiriro inoenderera mberi, kushevedzwa kwechiito kwakajeka: kumbundira hunyanzvi, kuisa mari mukutsvagisa, uye kushanda pamwe chete kugadzira nyika yakasvibira, yakagadzikana yezvizvarwa zvinotevera.
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-13-2025