Sezvo "moyo" wemotokari itsva dzemagetsi, kudzokorodza, kusvibira uye kusimudzira kusimudzira kwemabhatiri emagetsi mushure mekurega basa kwakwezva kutarisisa kwakawanda mukati nekunze kweindasitiri. Kubva 2016, nyika yangu yakashandisa waranti yemakore masere kana 120,000 makiromita emabhatiri emagetsi emotokari, izvo chaizvo makore masere apfuura. Izvi zvinoreva zvakare kuti kutanga kubva gore rino, imwe nhamba yemagetsi bhatiri waranti inopera gore rega rega.
Sekureva kwaGasgoo's "Power Battery Ladder Utilization and Recycling Industry Report (2024 Edition)" (inozonzi "Report"), muna 2023, 623,000 matani emabhatiri emagetsi akasiya basa achashandiswazve munyika, uye inotarisirwa kusvika pamiriyoni imwe chete nemazana maviri. matani muna 2025, uye ichashandiswazve muna 2030. Yakasvika mamiriyoni matanhatu ematani.
Nhasi, Bazi reIndasitiri uye Ruzivo rweTekinoroji rakamisa kugamuchirwa kweiyo chena rondedzero yemagetsi mabhatiri makambani ekudzokorodza, uye mutengo webhatiri-giredhi lithium carbonate wadzika kusvika ku80,000 yuan/ton. Huwandu hwekudzokorodza kwe nickel, cobalt uye manganese zvinhu muindasitiri inodarika 99%. Nerutsigiro rwezvakawanda zvinhu zvakaita sekupa, mutengo, mutemo, uye tekinoroji, indasitiri yemagetsi yekudzokorodza bhatiri, iyo iri kutarisana nenguva yekudzokorodza, inogona kunge iri kusvika painochinja.
Iyo wave yekubvisa basa iri kusvika, uye indasitiri ichiri kuda kumiswa
Mumakore achangopfuura, kukurumidza kuvandudzwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi matsva kwakaunza kuwedzera kunoramba kuripo kwesimba rakaiswa remabhatiri emagetsi, zvichipa rutsigiro rwakasimba rwenzvimbo yekukura yemagetsi bhatiri recycling, yakajairika simba nyowani post-cycle indasitiri.
Zvinoenderana nenhamba kubva kubazi rezvekuchengetedzwa kweruzhinji, kubva pakupera kwaChikumi, nhamba yemotokari nyowani munyika yese yakasvika 24.72 miriyoni, inoverengera 7.18% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemotokari. Kune 18.134 miriyoni yakachena yemagetsi mota, inoverengera 73.35% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemagetsi matsva. Zvinoenderana nedata rakaburitswa neChina Automotive Power Battery Industry Innovation Alliance, muhafu yekutanga yegore rino chete, iyo yakawedzera yakaiswa mabhatiri emagetsi munyika yangu yaive 203.3GWh.
Iyo "Chirevo" yakaratidza kuti kubvira 2015, nyika yangu itsva simba rekutengesa mota yakaratidza kukura kwekuputika, uye iyo yakaiswa simba remabhatiri emagetsi yakawedzera zvinoenderana. Zvinoenderana neavhareji yehupenyu hwebhatiri hwemakore mashanu kusvika masere, mabhatiri emagetsi ave kuda kuunza masaisai ekurega kukuru.
Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti mabhatiri emagetsi anoshandiswa anokuvadza zvakanyanya kune zvakatipoteredza uye muviri wemunhu. Zvishandiso zvechikamu chimwe nechimwe chebhatiri remagetsi zvinogona kuita nemakemikari nezvimwe zvinhu zviri mumhepo kuti zvibudise zvinosvibisa. Kana vangopinda muvhu, mvura nemhepo, vanozokonzera kusvibiswa kwakakomba. Simbi dzakadai semutobvu, mercury, cobalt, nickel, mhangura, uye manganese zvakare zvine hupfumi hwekuita uye inogona kuungana mumuviri wemunhu kuburikidza neketani yechikafu, ichikuvadza hutano hwevanhu.
Iyo yepakati isingakuvadze kurapwa kweakashandiswa lithium-ion mabhatiri uye kudzokororwa kwezvinhu zvesimbi matanho akakosha ekuona hutano hwevanhu uye kusimudzira kwakasimba kwenzvimbo. Naizvozvo, mukutarisana nekuuya kwehukuru hwemabhatiri emagetsi, zvine kukosha kukuru uye nekukasira kubata nemazvo mabhatiri emagetsi akashandiswa.
Nekuda kusimudzira kusimukira kwakamisikidzwa kweindasitiri yekudzokorodza mabhatiri, Bazi reIndasitiri neRuzivo rweTekinoroji rakatsigira boka remakambani anotevedzera mabhatiri ekudzokorodza. Kusvika pari zvino, yakaburitsa runyoro ruchena rwemakambani 156 ekudzoreredza mabhatiri emagetsi mumabheji mashanu, kusanganisira makambani makumi mapfumbamwe nematatu ane zvitupa zvekushandisa, makambani ekuputsa, Pane makambani makumi mashanu nerimwe ane zvitupa zvekudzokorodza uye makambani gumi nemaviri ane zvese zvikwaniriso.
Mukuwedzera kune "mauto anogara aripo" ataurwa pamusoro apa, misika yemagetsi ekugadzirisa bhatiri ine simba guru remusika yakakwezva kuwedzera kwemakambani akawanda, uye kukwikwidzana mumabhizimisi ose e-lithium bhatiri recycling yakaratidza mamiriro maduku uye akapararira.
"Chirevo" chakaratidza kuti kubva muna Chikumi 25 gore rino, pakanga paine 180,878 makambani emagetsi ane chekuita nekudzokorodza mabhatiri aripo, ayo 49,766 achanyoreswa muna 2023, achiverengera 27.5% yehupenyu hwese. Pakati pemakambani 180,000 aya, makumi matanhatu neshanu muzana akanyoresa mari isingasviki mamirioni mashanu, uye makambani e "dikishopu-maitiro" ane simba rehunyanzvi, nzira yekudzokorodza, uye bhizinesi modhi inoda kuvandudzwa nekuvandudzwa.
Vamwe veindasitiri vemukati vakajekesa kuti simba renyika yangu rekushandisa bhatiri uye kudzokorodza kune hwaro hwakanaka hwekusimudzira, asi musika wekudzokorodza bhatiri remagetsi uri mumhirizhonga, huwandu hwekushandisa hunofanirwa kuvandudzwa, uye iyo yakamisikidzwa yekudzokorodza system inofanirwa kuvandudzwa. kuvandudzwa.
Nezvakawanda zvinhu zvakasimudzwa, indasitiri inogona kusvika padanho rekuchinja
Iyo "White Paper paKuvandudza kweChina Lithium-ion Battery Recycling, Dismantling and Echelon Utilization Industry (2024)" yakaburitswa neChina Battery Industry Research Institute nemamwe masangano inoratidza kuti muna 2023, 623,000 matani emabhatiri e lithium-ion akashandiswazve. munyika yose, asi makambani zana nemakumi mashanu nenhanhatu chete akaziviswa neBazi reIndasitiri neRuzivo rweTekinoroji. Iyo yezita rekugadzira kugona kwemabhizinesi anosangana nekushandiswa kwakazara kwemabhatiri emagetsi emarara anosvika 3.793 miriyoni matani / gore, uye chiyero chekushandisa simba reindasitiri yese chete 16.4%.
Gasgoo inonzwisisa kuti nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita sekukanganisa kwemutengo wemagetsi bhatiri zvigadzirwa, iyo indasitiri ikozvino yapinda padanho reshuffle. Mamwe makambani akapa data pamusoro pehuwandu hwekudzokorodza kweindasitiri yese sepasina kupfuura 25%.
Sezvo indasitiri itsva yemotokari yenyika yangu ichisimuka kubva mukumhanya-mhanya kuenda kubudiriro yemhando yepamusoro, kutarisirwa kweindasitiri yekudzokorodza mabhatiri emagetsi kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera kuomarara, uye chimiro cheindasitiri chinotarisirwa kuvandudzwa.
Muna Kurume gore rino, iyo Bazi reMaindasitiri neRuzivo rweTekinoroji rakapa "Chiziviso cheKuronga Chikumbiro cheMabhizinesi ane Mamiriro Akamisikidzwa eKushandiswa Kwakakwana kweZviwanikwa Zvinogonekazve uye Kugadzirwazve kweMechanical uye Magetsi Zvigadzirwa muna 2024" kune indasitiri yemuno uye zviremera zveruzivo. , yakataura kuti "kumiswa kwekugamuchirwa kwesimba idzva remagetsi bhatiri mashandisirwo akazara" Shandisa mamiriro akamisikidzwa ekuzivisa bhizinesi. Zvinonzi chinangwa chekumiswa basa uku ndechekuongorora zvakare makambani akanyoreswa, uye kufungidzira zvinodiwa kuti zvigadziriswe kumakambani aripo akanyoreswa asina kukodzera, kana kutombokanzura magwaro evachena.
Kumiswa kwekunyorera zvikumbiro kwakashamisa makambani mazhinji anga achigadzirira kujoina "uto renguva dzose" remagetsi ekugadzirisa bhatiri. Parizvino, mukubikira mapurojekiti makuru uye epakati-kati ebhatiri re-lithium, zvave zvichidikanwa kuti makambani anyorerwe. Iyi nhanho yakatumira chiratidzo chekutonhora kune iyo lithium bhatiri recycling indasitiri yekugadzira simba rekudyara uye kuvaka. Panguva imwecheteyo, izvi zvinowedzerawo zvibodzwa zvemakambani akatowana ruchena.
Pamusoro pezvo, iyo ichangobva kuburitswa "Action Plan yeKusimudzira Makuru-Scale Equipment Updates uye Trade-in yeConsumer Goods" inokurudzira kukurumidza kuvandudza mitemo yekupinza uye mitemo yemabhatiri emagetsi akabviswa, zvinhu zvakashandiswa zvakare, nezvimwewo. Kare, mabhatiri emagetsi ekunze akarega basa. zvakarambidzwa kubva kunze kwenyika munyika yangu. Ikozvino kutengeswa kwemabhatiri emagetsi akasiya pamudyandigere kuri pachirongwa, icho chinoburitsawo chiratidzo chitsva chemutemo musimba renyika yangu rekudzoreredza bhatiri manejimendi.
Muna Nyamavhuvhu, mutengo webhatiri-giredhi lithium carbonate wakapfuura 80,000 yuan/ton, ichikanda mumvuri pamusoro peiyo simba bhatiri recycling indasitiri. Zvinoenderana nedata rakaburitswa neShanghai Steel Federation muna Nyamavhuvhu 9, avhareji mutengo webhatiri-giredhi lithium carbonate yakashumwa pa79,500 yuan/ton. Kukwira kwemutengo webhatiri-giredhi lithium carbonate kwakwidza mutengo welithium bhatiri recycling, kukwezva makambani kubva kumativi ese ehupenyu kuti akurumidze kupinda munzira yekudzokorodza. Nhasi, mutengo welithium carbonate unoramba uchidonha, izvo zvakakanganisa zvakananga kusimudzira kweindasitiri, nemakambani ekudzokorodza anotakura hukuru hwekukanganisa.
Imwe neimwe yemamodhi matatu ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira, uye kubatana kunotarisirwa kuve kwakakurumbira.
Mushure mekunge mabhatiri emagetsi abviswa, kushandiswa kwechipiri nekubvisa uye kudzokorodza ndiyo nzira mbiri huru dzekurasa. Parizvino, maitiro ekushandisa echelon akaoma zvikuru, uye hupfumi hunoda kukurumidza kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye kuvandudzwa kwezviitiko zvitsva. Izvo zvakakosha zvekubvisa uye kudzokorodza ndeye kuwana purofiti yekugadzirisa, uye tekinoroji nematashi ndizvo zvinofurira zvinhu.
Iyo "Chirevo" inotaura kuti maererano neakasiyana masangano ekudzokorodza, kune parizvino matatu ekudzokorora mhando muindasitiri: vanogadzira mabhatiri emagetsi semuviri mukuru, makambani emotokari semuviri mukuru, uye makambani echitatu semuviri mukuru.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti mumamiriro ekuderera kwekubatsira uye matambudziko akanyanya muindasitiri yekudzokorodza bhatiri remagetsi, makambani anomiririra aya matatu emhando dzekudzokorora ese ari kuwana pundutso kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji, shanduko yemhando yebhizinesi, nezvimwe.
Zvinonzi kuti uwedzere kudzikisira mitengo yekugadzira, zadzisa chigadzirwa kudzokorodza uye kuve nechokwadi chekupihwa kwezvinhu, makambani emagetsi ebhatiri akadai seCATL, Guoxuan High-Tech, uye Yiwei Lithium Energy akaisa lithium bhatiri recycling uye mabhizinesi ekuvandudza.
Pan Xuexing, dhairekita wekusimudzira kwakasimba kweCATL, akambotaura kuti CATL ine yayo-yekumira bhatiri recycling mhinduro, iyo inogona kunyatso zadzisa nzira yakavharwa-loop kudzokorodza kwemabhatiri. Mabhatiri emarara anoshandurwa zvakananga kuita bhatiri raw materials kuburikidza nemaitiro ekudzokorodza, ayo anogona kushandiswa zvakananga mumabhatiri munhanho inotevera. Sekureva kwemishumo yeruzhinji, tekinoroji yeCATL yekudzokorodza inogona kuwana chiyero chekudzoreredza che99.6% chenickel, cobalt uye manganese, uye chiyero chekudzoreredza chelithium che91%. Muna 2023, CATL yakagadzira angangoita zviuru gumi nezvitatu zvematani e lithium carbonate uye yakadzokorodza matani angangosvika zana remazana emabhatiri akashandiswa.
Pakupera kwegore rapera, "Matanho eKutarisira Kwekushandiswa Kwakazara Kwemabhatiri Emagetsi eMotokari Itsva Yemagetsi (Draft for Comments)" yakaburitswa, ichijekesa mabasa ayo masangano akasiyana siyana ebhizinesi anofanirwa kutakura mukushandiswa kwakazara kwemabhatiri emagetsi. Muchidimbu, vagadziri vemotokari vanofanirwa kutakura mutoro wemabhatiri emagetsi akaiswa. Kudzokorora basa rezvidzidzo.
Parizvino, maOEM akaitawo budiriro huru mukugadzirisa bhatiri remagetsi. Geely Automobile yakazivisa muna Chikunguru 24 kuti iri kukurumidza kuvandudzwa kwezvekudzokorodza uye kugadzirazve masimba emagetsi matsva uye yawana chiyero chekudzoreredza chinodarika 99% chenickel, cobalt uye manganese zvinhu mumabhatiri emagetsi.
Kubva pakupera kwa2023, Geely's Evergreen New Energy yakagadzirisa huwandu hwe9,026.98 matani emabhatiri emagetsi akashandiswa uye akapinda mukati meiyo traceability system, ichigadzira angangoita 4,923 matani enickel sulfate, 2,210 matani ecobalt sulfate, 1,74 tons of sulfate manganese. uye 1,681 matani e lithium carbonate. Zvigadzirwa zvakadzokororwa zvinonyanya kushandiswa Kugadzirira kwekambani yedu ternary precursor zvigadzirwa. Pamusoro pezvo, kuburikidza nekuyedzwa kwakakosha kwemabhatiri ekare anogona kushandiswa muechelon application, anoiswa kune Geely's own on-site logistics forklifts. Ikozvino purojekiti yekuyedza echelon kushandiswa kwemaforklift yakatangwa. Mushure mokunge mutyairi wapera, unogona kusimudzirwa kuboka rose. Nenguva iyo, inogona kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvemotokari dzemagetsi dzinopfuura 2,000 muboka. Zuva nezuva kushanda zvinodiwa forklift.
Sekambani yechitatu-bato, GEM yakataurawo muchiziviso chayo yapfuura kuti yakadzokorodza uye yakabvisa zviuru zvinomwe nemazana mapfumbamwe emabhatiri emagetsi (0.88GWh) muchikamu chekutanga chegore rino, kuwedzera kwegore negore kwe27.47%, uye inoronga kuita dzokorora uye kubvisa 45,000 matani emabhatiri emagetsi gore rese. Muna 2023, GEM yakadzokorodza nekubvisa 27,454 matani emabhatiri emagetsi (3.05GWh), kuwedzera kwegore negore kwe57.49%. Bhizinesi remagetsi rekudzokorodza bhatiri rakawana mari yekushandisa ye1.131 bhiriyoni yuan, gore-pa-gore kuwedzera kwe81.98%. Pamusoro pezvo, GEM parizvino ine 5 nyowani simba rekutambisa simba bhatiri rakazara kushandiswa kwakajairwa makambani ekuzivisa, zvakanyanya muChina, uye yakagadzira nzira yekudzokorodza yekudyidzana modhi neBYD, Mercedes-Benz China, Guangzhou Automobile Group, Dongfeng Passenger Cars, Chery Automobile, nezvimwewo.
Imwe neimwe yemhando mitatu ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira. Kudzokorodza nevagadziri vebhatiri semuviri mukuru kunobatsira pakuziva nzira yekudzokorodza kwemabhatiri akashandiswa. MaOEM anogona kubatsirikana kubva pachena chiteshi mabhenefiti kuita kuti mutengo wekudzokorora udzike, nepo makambani echitatu-bato anogona kubatsira mabhatiri. Kurisa kushandiswa kwezvinhu.
Mune ramangwana, nzira yekutyora zvipingamupinyi muindasitiri yekudzokorodza bhatiri?
"Chirevo" chinosimbisa kuti mibatanidzwa yeindasitiri nekubatana kwakadzama pakati pekumusoro nekudzika kweketani yeindasitiri ichabatsira kugadzira yakavharwa-loop bhatiri recycling uye kushandisazve indasitiri cheni nekubudirira kwakanyanya uye mutengo wakaderera. Mibatanidzwa yemaindasitiri echeni nekudyidzana kwemapato akawanda inotarisirwa kuve iyo nzira huru yekudzokorodza bhatiri.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-14-2024