Kuvandudzwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi matsva kuri kuzara, uye nyaya yekuzadzazve simba yavewo imwe yenyaya iyo indasitiri yakateerera zvizere. Nepo munhu wese ari kukakavara pamusoro pezvakanakira kuwedzeredza uye kuchinjanisa bhatiri, pane here "Chirongwa C" chekuchaja mota dzemagetsi matsva?
Zvimwe zvichipesvedzerwa nekuchaja isina waya kwemafoni efoni, kuchaja isina waya kwemotokari kwavewo imwe yetekinoroji yakakunda mainjiniya. Sekureva kwemishumo yenhau, nguva pfupi yadarika, tekinoroji yekuchaja isina waya yemotokari yakagamuchira tsvakiridzo. Chikwata chekutsvagisa nekusimudzira chakataura kuti iyo isina waya yekuchaja padhi inogona kufambisa magetsi kumotokari ine simba rekubuda re100kW, iyo inogona kuwedzera bhatiri yekuchaja ne50% mukati memaminitsi makumi maviri.
Ehe, mota isina waya yekuchaja tekinoroji haisi tekinoroji nyowani. Nekukwira kwemotokari nyowani dzesimba, masimba akasiyana anga achiongorora kubhadharisa pasina waya kwenguva yakareba, kusanganisira BBA, Volvo uye akasiyana makambani emotokari epamba.
Pakazere, mota isina waya yekuchaja tekinoroji ichiri mumatanho ekutanga, uye hurumende zhinji dzemuno dziri kutorawo mukana uyu kuongorora mukana wakakura wekufambisa mune ramangwana. Nekudaro, nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita semutengo, simba, uye zvivakwa, mota isina waya yekuchaja tekinoroji yakatengeswa pamwero mukuru. Pane matambudziko akawanda achiri kuda kukundwa. Iyo nyaya nyowani yekuchaja isina waya mumotokari haisi nyore kutaura parizvino.
Sezvatinoziva tese, kuchaja isina waya hachisi chinhu chitsva muindasitiri yenharembozha. Kuchaja mota pasina waya haina mukurumbira sekuchaja nharembozha, asi zvave kutokwezva makambani mazhinji kuchiva michina iyi.
Pakazere, kune ina mainstream isina waya yekuchaja nzira: electromagnetic induction, magineti resonance, electric field coupling, uye masaisai eredhiyo. Pakati pavo, nharembozha uye mota dzemagetsi dzinonyanya kushandisa electromagnetic induction uye magnetic field resonance.
Pakati pavo, electromagnetic induction isina waya yekuchaja inoshandisa iyo electromagnetic induction musimboti we electromagnetism uye magnetism kugadzira magetsi. Iyo ine yakakwirira yekuchaja kunyatsoshanda, asi iyo inoshanda yekuchaja chinhambwe ipfupi uye nzvimbo yekuchaja zvinodiwa zvakare yakasimba. Zvichienderana, magineti resonance waya yekuchaja ine yakaderera nzvimbo zvinodiwa uye kureba yekuchaja chinhambwe, chinogona kutsigira masendimita akati wandei kusvika kumamita akati wandei, asi kunyatsochaja kwakadzikira zvishoma pane yekare.
Naizvozvo, mumatanho ekutanga ekuongorora tekinoroji yekuchaja isina waya, makambani emotokari aifarira electromagnetic induction isina waya yekuchaja tekinoroji. Makambani anomiririra anosanganisira BMW, Daimler nemamwe makambani emotokari. Kubva ipapo, magineti resonance isina waya yekuchaja tekinoroji yakasimudzirwa zvishoma nezvishoma, inomiririrwa nevashambadziri vehurongwa vakaita seQualcomm uye WiTricity.
Kubva muna Chikunguru 2014, BMW naDaimler (yava kunzi Mercedes-Benz) vakazivisa chibvumirano chekushandira pamwe kugadzira tekinoroji yekuchaja isina waya yemotokari dzemagetsi. Muna 2018, BMW yakatanga kugadzira isina waya yekuchaja sisitimu uye ikaita sarudzo yemhando ye5 Series plug-in hybrid modhi. Simba rayo rekuchaja 3.2kW, simba rekushandura simba rinosvika 85%, uye rinogona kubhadharwa zvizere mumaawa 3.5.
Muna 2021, Volvo ichashandisa iyo XC40 yakachena yemagetsi tekisi kutanga isina waya yekuchaja kuyedza muSweden. Volvo yakanyatso kumisa nzvimbo dzakawanda dzekuyedza mudhorobha Gothenburg, Sweden. Mota dzekuchaja dzinongoda kupaka pamidziyo isina waya yekuchaja yakamisikidzwa mumugwagwa kuti itange otomatiki basa rekuchaja. Volvo yakati simba rayo rekuchaja isina waya rinogona kusvika pa40kW, uye inokwanisa kufamba makiromita zana mumaminetsi makumi matatu.
Mumunda wekuchaja isina waya yemotokari, nyika yangu yagara iri pamberi peindastiri. Muna 2015, China Southern Power Grid Guangxi Electric Power Research Institute yakavaka yekutanga yemagetsi mota yemagetsi isina waya yekuchaja nzira yekuyedza. Muna 2018, SAIC Roewe yakatanga yekutanga yakachena yemagetsi modhi ine waya yekuchaja. FAW Hongqi yakatanga Hongqi E-HS9 inotsigira tekinoroji yekuchaja isina waya muna 2020. Muna Kurume 2023, SAIC Zhiji yakaparura zviri pamutemo 11kW high-power motokari ine hungwaru yekuchaja mhinduro.
Uye Tesla zvakare mumwe wevaongorori mumunda wekuchaja isina waya. Muna Chikumi 2023, Tesla akashandisa US$76 miriyoni kuti atore Wiferion ndokuitumidzazve Tesla Engineering Germany GmbH, achironga kukwidziridza kuchaja isina waya nemutengo wakaderera. Pakutanga, Tesla CEO Musk aive nemafungiro asina kunaka pakuchaja isina waya uye akashoropodza kuchaja isina waya se "simba rakaderera uye risingashande". Iye zvino anozviti inguva yemberi ine tariro.
Ehe, makambani mazhinji emotokari akadai seToyota, Honda, Nissan, uye General Motors ari kugadzirawo tekinoroji yekuchaja isina waya.
Kunyangwe mapato mazhinji akaita ongororo dzenguva refu mumunda wekuchaja isina waya, tekinoroji yekuchaja isina waya yemotokari ichiri kure nekuitika. Chinhu chikuru chinotadzisa kukura kwayo isimba. Tora iyo Hongqi E-HS9 semuenzaniso. Iyo tekinoroji yekuchaja isina waya yayakashongedzerwa nayo ine simba rinokwanisa kubuda re10kW, inongokwira zvishoma pane simba re7kW remurwi wekuchaja unononoka. Mamwe mamodheru anogona chete kuwana system yekuchaja simba re3.2kW. Mune mamwe mazwi, hapana nyore zvachose nekuchaja kwakadai.
Ehe, kana simba rekuchaja isina waya rakavandudzwa, inogona kunge iri imwe nyaya. Semuenzaniso, sezvakataurwa pakutanga kwechinyorwa, timu yekutsvagisa nekusimudzira yakawana simba rekubuda re100kW, zvinoreva kuti kana simba rakadaro rekubuda richigona kuwanikwa, mota inogona kubhadhariswa zvizere muinenge awa. Kunyangwe zvichiri kunetsa kuenzanisa nekuchaja kwepamusoro, ichiri sarudzo nyowani yekuzadza simba.
Kubva pamaonero emamiriro ekushandiswa, mukana mukuru wemotokari isina waya yekuchaja tekinoroji ndiko kudzikiswa kwematanho emaoko. Kuenzaniswa nekuchaja waya, varidzi vemotokari vanofanirwa kuita nhevedzano yemabasa akadai sekupaka, kuburuka mumotokari, kutora pfuti, kubaya nekuchaja, nezvimwewo. Pavanenge vatarisana nemapiru ekuchaja echitatu, vanofanirwa kuzadza ruzivo rwakasiyana. , inova muitiro wakaoma zvikuru.
Iyo isina waya yekuchaja mamiriro ari nyore. Mushure mekunge mutyairi apaka mota, mudziyo unoinzwa wobva waichaja pasina waya. Mushure mekunge mota yazara chaji, mota inotyaira ichienda yakananga, uye muridzi haafanire kuita mamwe maoparesheni. Kubva pakuona kweruzivo rwemushandisi, zvinopawo vanhu pfungwa yekunakidzwa kana vachishandisa mota dzemagetsi.
Sei mota isina waya yekuchaja ichikwezva kutarisisa kwakanyanya kubva kumabhizinesi nevatengesi? Kubva pamaonero ebudiriro, kusvika kwenguva yekusatyaira inogona zvakare kuve nguva yekusimudzira kukuru kwehunyanzvi hwekuchaja husina waya. Kuti mota dzishaye mutyairi zvechokwadi, dzinoda kuchaja isina waya kuti dzibvise matani etambo dzekuchaja.
Naizvozvo, vazhinji vanochaja vatengesi vane tarisiro huru nezve tarisiro yekusimudzira yewaya yekuchaja tekinoroji. Hofori yeGerman Siemens inofanotaura kuti musika wekuchaja isina waya wemotokari dzemagetsi muEurope neNorth America uchasvika US$2 bhiriyoni panosvika 2028. Kuti izvi zviitike, kutanga kwaChikumi 2022, Nokia yakaisa US$25 miriyoni kuti iwane chikamu chidiki chekutengesa isina waya yekuchaja WiTricity. kusimudzira tsvakiridzo yetekinoroji uye kusimudzira mawaya ekuchaja masisitimu.
Siemens inotenda kuti kubhadharisa kusina waya kwemotokari dzemagetsi kuchave kwakakurumbira mune ramangwana. Pamusoro pekuita kuti kuchaja kuve nyore, kuchaja isina waya ndeimwe yemamiriro ezvinhu anodiwa ekuona kutyaira kwega. Kana isu tichida chaizvo kuvhura mota dzinozvityaira pamwero mukuru, tekinoroji yekuchaja isina waya inokosha. Iri inhanho yakakosha kupinda munyika yekutyaira wega.
Chokwadi, tarisiro yacho yakakura, asi chokwadi chacho chakashata. Parizvino, nzira dzekugadzirisa simba dzemotokari dzemagetsi dziri kuwedzera uye dzakasiyana-siyana, uye tarisiro yekuchaja isina waya inotarisirwa zvakanyanya. Nekudaro, kubva pakuona kwazvino, tekinoroji yekuchaja isina waya yemotokari ichiri mudanho rekuyedza uye inotarisana nematambudziko mazhinji, akadai semutengo wakakwira, kunonoka kubhadharisa, kusawirirana, uye kufambira mberi kwekushambadzira.
Dambudziko rekuchaja kushanda zvakanaka ndechimwe chezvipingamupinyi. Semuenzaniso, takakurukura nyaya yekushanda zvakanaka mune yambotaurwa Hongqi E-HS9. Iko kuderera kwekuita kwekuchaja isina waya kwakashoropodzwa. Parizvino, kugona kwekuchaja isina waya kwemotokari dzemagetsi kwakadzikira pane yekuchaja waya nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwesimba panguva yekufambisa isina waya.
Kubva pamaonero emutengo, mota yekuchaja isina waya inoda kudzikiswa. Wireless kuchaja ine zvakakwirira zvinodiwa kune zvivakwa. Zvinhu zvekuchaja zvinowanzoiswa pasi, izvo zvinosanganisira kugadziridzwa kwevhu uye zvimwe zvinhu. Mutengo wekuvaka unozokwira zvakanyanya kupfuura mutengo weakajairwa kuchaja mirwi. Uye zvakare, muchikamu chekutanga chekusimudzira tekinoroji yekuchaja isina waya, iyo indasitiri yeindasitiri idiki, uye mutengo wezvikamu zvine hukama uchakwira, kunyangwe kakawanda mutengo weimba AC yekuchaja mirwi ine simba rimwechete.
Semuenzaniso, mutyairi wemabhazi ekuBritain FirstBus akafunga kushandisa tekinoroji yekuchaja isina waya mukusimudzira kuisirwa magetsi kwezvikepe zvayo. Zvisinei, mushure mekuongorora, zvakaonekwa kuti mutengesi wega wega wepasi rekuchaja mapaneru anotora 70,000 pounds. Pamusoro pezvo, mutengo wekuvaka wemigwagwa isina waya yekuchaja zvakare wakakwira. Semuenzaniso, mutengo wekuvaka 1.6-kilomita isina waya yekuchaja mugwagwa muSweden inosvika US$12.5 miriyoni.
Ehe, nyaya dzekuchengetedza dzinogona zvakare kuve imwe yenyaya inorambidza isina waya yekuchaja tekinoroji. Kubva pamaonero ekuita kwayo pamuviri wemunhu, kuchaja isina waya haisi nyaya hombe. Iyo "Interim Regulations paRadio Management yeWireless Charging (Power Transmission) Equipment (Draft for Comments)" yakaburitswa neBazi reIndasitiri neRuzivo rweTekinoroji inotaura kuti spectrum ye19-21kHz uye 79-90kHz inongori yemotokari dzekuchaja dzisina waya. Tsvagiridzo yakakodzera inoratidza kuti chete kana simba rekuchaja richipfuura 20kW uye muviri wemunhu uri padhuze nebhesi yekuchaja, inogona kuve nekumwe kukanganisa pamuviri. Nekudaro, izvi zvinodawo mapato ese kuti aenderere mberi nekuzivisa kuchengetedzwa kusati kwazivikanwa nevatengi.
Hazvina mhosva kuti iyo mota isina waya yekuchaja tekinoroji inoshanda sei uye kuti zviri nyore sei mamiriro ekushandisa, pachine nzira refu yekuenda isati yatengeswa pamwero mukuru. Kubuda murabhoritari uye kuishandisa muhupenyu chaihwo, nzira yekuchaja isina waya yemota yakareba uye inonetsa.
Kunyange mapato ese ari kuongorora zvine simba tekinoroji yekuchaja mota, pfungwa ye "kuchaja marobhoti" yakabudawo chinyararire. Iwo mapoinzi ekurwadziwa anogadziriswa nekuchaja isina waya anomiririra nyaya yekuchaja kwemushandisi nyore, iyo inozadzisa pfungwa yekutyaira pasina mutyairi mune ramangwana. Asi kune inopfuura nzira imwe yekuRoma.
Naizvozvo, "marobhoti ekuchaja" atangawo kuve wekuwedzera mune yakangwara yekuchaja maitiro emotokari. Kasiri kare, Beijing Sub-Central Construction National Green Development Demonstration Zone's new power system test base yakatanga robhoti rinochaja mabhazi rinokwanisa kubhadharisa mabhazi emagetsi.
Mushure mekunge bhazi remagetsi rapinda muchiteshi chekuchaja, iyo yekuona sisitimu inotora ruzivo rwekusvika kwemotokari, uye yekumashure yekutumira sisitimu inongoburitsa basa rekuchaja kurobhoti. Nerubatsiro rweiyo nzira yekutsvagisa nzira uye nzira yekufamba, robhoti rinozvityaira richienda kunzvimbo yekuchaja uye rinobva rabata pfuti yekuchaja. , uchishandisa tekinoroji yekumisikidza kuona nzvimbo yekuchaja mota yemagetsi uye kuita otomatiki kuchaja mashandiro.
Zvechokwadi, makambani emotokari ari kutangawo kuona zvakanakira "kuchaja marobhoti". Pa2023 Shanghai Auto Show, Lotus yakaburitsa robhoti yekuchaja. Kana mota ichinge ichida kuchajwa, robhoti rinogona kutambanudza ruoko rwaro rwemuchina uye ropinza pfuti yekuchaja mugomba rekuchaja remotokari. Mushure mekuchaja, inogona zvakare kuburitsa pfuti iri yega, ichipedzisa hurongwa hwese kubva pakutanga kuchaja mota.
Kusiyana neizvi, mabhobhoti ekuchaja haangove nekureruka kwekuchaja isina waya, asi anogonawo kugadzirisa dambudziko rekumisa simba rekuchaja isina waya. Vashandisi vanogona zvakare kunakidzwa nekunakidzwa kwekuchaja pasina kubuda mumotokari. Ehe, kubhadharisa marobhoti kunosanganisirawo mutengo uye zvine hungwaru nyaya dzakadai sekuisa uye kudzivirira zvipingamupinyi.
Pfupiso: Iyo nyaya yekudzoreredzwa kwesimba kumota nyowani dzesimba yagara iri nyaya iyo mapato ese ari muindasitiri anokoshesa zvakanyanya. Parizvino, mhinduro yekuchaja uye bhatiri yekutsiva mhinduro ndiyo mhinduro mbiri dzakanyanya. Nechepfungwa, mhinduro mbiri idzi dzakakwana kuzadzisa izvo zvinodikanwa zvekuwedzera simba zvevashandisi kusvika pamwero wakati. Chokwadi, zvinhu zvinogara zvichifambira mberi. Zvichida nekuuya kwenguva yekusatyaira, kubhadharisa zvisina waya uye marobhoti ekuchaja anogona kuunza mikana mitsva.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-13-2024